Which two identity attributes must be unique among the required attributes?

In identity management systems, certain attributes are required to be unique to ensure that each identity can be distinctly recognized and managed. User ID is commonly used as a primary identifier because it serves as a unique key for that identity within the system. It must not duplicate across different users to maintain clarity in identity management.

Email is another vital attribute that typically must be unique. Since emails are often used for identity verification, communication, and notifications, having multiple users with identical email addresses could lead to confusion, security risks, and complications in user interactions.

The combination of User ID and Email as unique attributes helps to establish a reliable and unambiguous way to identify users, as it limits the possibility of identity conflicts. This dual requirement supports consistent and effective identity governance processes, such as access management and security policies.

In contrast, other pairs of attributes like First Name and Last Name do not need to be unique because multiple individuals can share the same names, which would not help in accurately identifying users within the system.